1) Cinematic technique 
In film, a medium shot is a camera angle shot from a medium distance. The dividing line between `long shot` and `medium shot` is fuzzy, as is the line between `medium shot` and `close-up`. In some standard texts and professional references, a full-length view of a human subject is called a medium shot; in this terminology, a shot of the pe...
A relatively close shot, revealing a moderate amount of detail
A shot in which a medium-size object (e.g. the top half of a human figure) fits easily within the frame.
Camera shot from medium distance, typically above the waist. Allows viewers to see body language, but not facial expressions.